Interpretarea in duh sau in litera a Scripturii (Geneza 1,2) si a Parintilor?

Citez din cartea de mai sus:
And so we have an answer to our ultimate question of why these
Gospels are so different from one another. They were not written by
Jesus’ companions or by companions of his companions. They were
written decades later by people who didn’t know Jesus, who lived in
a different country or different countries from Jesus, and who spoke
a different language from Jesus. They are different from each other
in part because they also didn’t know each other, to some extent they
had different sources of information (although Matthew and Luke
drew on Mark), and they modified their stories on the basis of their
own understandings of who Jesus was.
The fact that the Gospels were not actually written by apostles
does not make them unusual in the New Testament. Quite the contrary,
it makes them typical. Most of the books of the New Testament
go under the names of people who didn’t actually write them.
This has been well known among scholars for the greater part of the
past century, and it is taught widely in mainline seminaries and divinity
schools throughout the country. As a result, most pastors know
it as well. But for many people on the street and in the pews, this is
“news.”