|
|
|
|
|
#31
13.04.2012, 21:07:39
|
||||
|
||||
Vivartakalpa
The Vivartakalpa begins with the arising of the primordial wind, which begins the process of building up the structures of the universe that had been destroyed at the end of the last mahākalpa. As the extent of the destruction can vary, the nature of this evolution can vary as well, but it always takes the form of beings from a higher world being born into a lower world. The example of a Mahābrahmā being the rebirth of a deceased Ābhāsvara deva is just one instance of this, which continues throughout the Vivartakalpa until all the worlds are filled from the Brahmaloka down to Naraka. During the Vivartakalpa the first humans appear; they are not like present-day humans, but are beings shining in their own light, capable of moving through the air without mechanical aid, living for a very long time, and not requiring sustenance; they are more like a type of lower deity than present-day humans are. Over time, they acquire a taste for physical nutriment, and as they consume it, their bodies become heavier and more like human bodies; they lose their ability to shine, and begin to acquire differences in their appearance, and their length of life decreases. They differentiate into two sexes and begin to become sexually active. Then greed, theft and violence arise among them, and they establish social distinctions and government and elect a king to rule them, called Mahāsammata, "the great appointed one". Some of them begin to hunt and eat the flesh of animals, which have by now come into existence. VIVARTASTHĀYIKALPA First antarakalpa The Vivartasthāyikalpa begins when the first being is born into Naraka, thus filling the entire universe with beings. During the first antarakalpa of this eon, human lives are declining from a vast but unspecified number of years (but at least several tens of thousands of years) toward the modern lifespan of less than 100 years. At the beginning of the antarakalpa, people are still generally happy. They live under the rule of a universal monarch or "wheel-turning king" (cakravartin), who conquer. The Mahāsudassana-sutta tells of the life of a cakravartin king, Mahāsudassana (Sanskrit: Mahāsudar¶ana) who lived for 336,000 years. The Cakkavatti-sīhanāda-sutta tells of a later dynasty of cakravartins, Daḷhanemi (Sanskrit: Dṛḍhanemi) and five of his descendants, who had a lifespan of over 80,000 years. The seventh of this line of cakravartins broke with the traditions of his forefathers, refusing to abdicate his position at a certain age, pass the throne on to his son, and enter the life of a ¶ramaṇa. As a result of his subsequent misrule, poverty increased; as a result of poverty, theft began; as a result of theft, capital punishment was instituted; and as a result of this contempt for life, murders and other crimes became rampant. The human lifespan now quickly decreased from 80,000 to 100 years, apparently decreasing by about half with each generation (this is perhaps not to be taken literally), while with each generation other crimes and evils increased: lying, greed, hatred, sexual misconduct, disrespect for elders. During this period, according to the Mahāpadāna-sutta (DN.14) three of the four Buddhas of this antarakalpa lived:
Our present time is taken to be toward the end of the first antarakalpa of this Vivartasthāyikalpa, when the lifespan is less than 100 years, after the life of Šākyamuni Buddha (Pāli: Sakyamuni), who lived to the age of 80. The remainder of the antarakalpa is prophesied to be miserable: lifespans will continue to decrease, and all the evil tendencies of the past will reach their ultimate in destructiveness. People will live no longer than ten years, and will marry at five; foods will be poor and tasteless; no form of morality will be acknowledged. The most contemptuous and hateful people will become the rulers. Incest will be rampant. Hatred between people, even members of the same family, will grow until people think of each other as hunters do of their prey. Eventually a great war will ensue, in which the most hostile and aggressive will arm themselves and go out to kill each other. The less aggressive will hide in forests and other secret places while the war rages. This war marks the end of the first antarakalpa. Second antarakalpa At the end of the war, the survivors will emerge from their hiding places and repent their evil habits. As they begin to do good, their lifespan increases, and the health and welfare of the human race will also increase with it. After a long time, the descendants of those with a 10-year lifespan will live for 80,000 years, and at that time there will be a cakravartin king named Saṅkha. During his reign, the current bodhisattva in the Tuṣita heaven will descend and be reborn under the name of Ajita. He will enter the life of a ¶ramaṇa and will gain perfect enlightenment as a Buddha; and he will then be known by the name of Maitreya (Pāli: Metteyya). After Maitreya's time, the world will again worsen, and the lifespan will gradually decrease from 80,000 years to 10 years again, each antarakalpa being separated from the next by devastating war, with peaks of high civilization and morality in the middle. After the 19th antarakalpa, the lifespan will increase to 80,000 and then not decrease, because the Vivartasthāyikalpa will have come to an end. SAṃVARTAKALPA The Saṃvartakalpa begins when beings cease to be born in Naraka. This cessation of birth then proceeds in reverse order up the vertical cosmology, i.e., pretas then cease to be born, then animals, then humans, and so on up to the realms of the deities. When these worlds as far as the Brahmaloka are devoid of inhabitants, a great fire consumes the entire physical structure of the world. It burns all the worlds below the Ābhāsvara worlds. When they are destroyed, the Saṃvartasthāyikalpa begins. SAṃVARTASTHĀYIKALPA There is nothing to say about the Saṃvartasthāyikalpa, since nothing happens in it below the Ābhāsvara worlds. It ends when the primordial wind begins to blow and build the structure of the worlds up again. OTHER DESTRUCTIONS The destruction by fire is the normal type of destruction that occurs at the end of the Saṃvartakalpa. But every eighth mahākalpa, after seven destructions by fire, there is a destruction by water. This is more devastating, as it eliminates not just the Brahma worlds but also the Ābhāsvara worlds. Every sixty-fourth mahākalpa, after 56 destructions by fire and 7 destructions by water, there is a destruction by wind. This is the most devastating of all, as it also destroys the Šubhakṛtsna worlds. The higher worlds are never destroyed.
__________________
|
|
#32
22.04.2012, 22:54:56
|
|||
|
|||
|
Citat:
Ah, dac am lasa balta infatuarea stiintei, am vedea ce bogata e lumea asta in inteligenta, si, mai presus de orice, comuniune cu Viata care vine de la Dumnezeu. In afara de dr... si oameni, sunt o multime de fapturi fericite, tocmai pentru ca nu au rupt comuniunea cu Facatorul, indiferent de motivatie (razvratire malefica in deplina cunostinta de cauza, respectiv prostie infatuata dublata de lacomia "arderii etapelor" in evolutia spirituala). dincolo de aceste informatii fascinante, sustin ca e cam...greu, chiar imposibil, de gasit punti reconciliator-sincretiste intre cele doua religii, si de fapt nici nu e de dorit.
|
|
#33
22.04.2012, 23:05:46
|
|||
|
|||
|
Citat:
|
|
#34
23.04.2012, 08:06:37
|
||||
|
||||
|
Citat:
Lăsînd la o parte celelalte lumi, ce spune credința budistă despre lumea noastră, despre forma Pămîntului?
__________________
Să nu abați inima mea spre cuvinte de vicleșug, ca să-mi dezvinovățesc păcatele mele; Psalmul 140, 4 Ascultați Noul Testament ortodox online.
|
|
#35
25.04.2012, 22:35:41
|
||||
|
||||
|
Citat:
Forma Pamantului in credinta budista este o insula triunghiulara, cu un varf bont, orientat spre sud. The Buddhist cosmology divides the worlds into three separate levels:
In the Desire Realm is located Mount Sumeru which is said to be surrounded by four island-continents. "The southernmost island is called Jambudvīpa (adica Pamantul)". The other three continents of Buddhist accounts around Sumeru are not accessible to humans from Jambudvīpa. Jambudvīpa is shaped like a triangle with a blunted point facing south. In its center is a gigantic Jambu tree from which the continent takes its name, meaning "Jambu Island". Jambudvīpa is the region where the humans live and is the only place where a being may become enlightened by being born as a human being. It is in Jambudvīpa that one may receive the gift of Dharma and come to understand the Four Noble Truths, the Noble Eightfold Path and ultimately realize the liberation from the cycle of life and death.
__________________
|
|
#36
27.04.2012, 07:22:51
|
||||
|
||||
|
Citat:
__________________
Să nu abați inima mea spre cuvinte de vicleșug, ca să-mi dezvinovățesc păcatele mele; Psalmul 140, 4 Ascultați Noul Testament ortodox online.
|
|
#37
27.04.2012, 08:23:28
|
||||
|
||||
|
Citat:
Last edited by ioanna; 27.04.2012 at 08:26:33.
|
|
#38
27.04.2012, 09:50:20
|
||||
|
||||
|
Citat:
Tu ești creștin-ortodoxă sau budistă?
__________________
Să nu abați inima mea spre cuvinte de vicleșug, ca să-mi dezvinovățesc păcatele mele; Psalmul 140, 4 Ascultați Noul Testament ortodox online.
|
|
#39
27.04.2012, 10:28:34
|
||||
|
||||
|
Citat:
Tu esti crestin-ortodox ? Last edited by ioanna; 27.04.2012 at 10:32:45.
|
|
#40
27.04.2012, 10:34:27
|
||||
|
||||
|
Citat:
__________________
Să nu abați inima mea spre cuvinte de vicleșug, ca să-mi dezvinovățesc păcatele mele; Psalmul 140, 4 Ascultați Noul Testament ortodox online.
|
|
|
Mod linear
