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#51
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In medicina se urmareste stabilirea unui diagnostic cat mai aproape de cel real si stabilirea unui tratament cat mai apropiat de cel corect. Bineinteles, exista multe diagnosticari care sunt corecte in proportie de 99,99%, dar avand in vedere complexitatea organismului si faptul ca nu cunoastem totul (mai e mult pana acolo) ramane un risc ff mic ca acel diagnostic sa nu fie corect. Gandirea ta este gresita, totusi. "Daca se pot infecta, la ce bun sa-i vaccinezi?' este echivalentul expresiei "Daca pot sa mor si cand merg cu 50 km/h, de ce sa nu merg cu 250 km/h?". Ar fi bine sa ascultati de medici, si nu tot ce scrie pe internet. Last edited by Omul care rade; 13.07.2016 at 18:10:28. |
#52
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Despre efectele secundare nimic? Le subliniez pe acelea care afecteaza copilul pentru totdeauna si la decese. Tot la probabilitati intra si ele. Citat:
Nu cunoastem totul? Mai degraba spune ca [mai] nu stim deci foarte putin. Citat:
Citat:
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Să nu abați inima mea spre cuvinte de vicleșug, ca să-mi dezvinovățesc păcatele mele; Psalmul 140, 4 Ascultați Noul Testament ortodox online. |
#53
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Să nu abați inima mea spre cuvinte de vicleșug, ca să-mi dezvinovățesc păcatele mele; Psalmul 140, 4 Ascultați Noul Testament ortodox online. |
#54
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Pentru punctul 2) - nu exista medicament de niciun fel pe planeta asta care sa indeplineasca conditia 2. Chiar si medicamentele la care scrie pe peospect 'Nu se cunosc reactii adverse', pt ca nu inseamna ca nu au reactii adeverse, ci ca nu se cunosc. Inca. Ceea ce iti doresti e un panaceu, un lucru ideal (cel putin pana in prezent). In legatura cu a 2-a fraza, este irelevanta discutiei noastre. Citat:
Last edited by Omul care rade; 13.07.2016 at 23:10:43. |
#55
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#56
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O sa citez din Manualul Merck, editia a XVIII, pagina 1466:
'Profilaxie Imunizarea activa face parte din vaccinarea standard din copilarie. Se administreaza 5 doze de vaccin (de obicei in combinatie cu cel difteric si tetanic [DTP sau DTaP]) la 2, 4 si 6 luni; rapelurile se fac la 15-18 luni si la 4-6 ani. Reactii adverse importante de la componenta pertussis a vaccinului includ encefalopatia in decurs de 7 zile; convulsiile, cu sau fara febra; plansul persistent, sever, de neconsolat, timp de >= 3 ore; colaps sau soc in decurs de 48 ore, precum si reactie imediata severa sau anafilaxie. Aceste reactii contraindica utilizarea ulterioara a vaccinului pertussis; se poate administra varianta combinata de vaccin difteric si tetanic, fara componenta pertussis. Vaccinul acelular (DTaP) este mai tolerat. Imunitatea dupa infectia naturala dureaza aproximativ 20 de ani. Imunizarea pasiva nu este valabila si nu se recomanda. Tratament Spitalizarea cu izolare respiratorie se recomanda la nou-nascutii grav bolnavi. La sugari, aspirarea pt indepartarea excesului de mucus din gat poate fi salvatoare de viata. O2 si traheostomia sau intubarea nazotraheala sunt necesare ocazional. Teofilina, albuterolul si corticosteroizii pot ameliora simptomele. Expectorantele, antitusivele si sedativele usoare sunt de valoare redusa. Deoarece orice tulburare poate precipita tuse paroxistica, insotita de anoxie, sugarii grav bolnavi trebuie tinuti in camere intunecate, linistite si deranjati cat mai putin. Pacientii tratati la domiciliu trebuie tinuti in carantina timp de cel putin 4 saptamani de la debut si pana la cedarea simptomelor. Antibioticele administrate in stadiul cataral pot ameliora boala. Dupa instalarea paroxismelor antibioticele nu mai au, de obicei, efect clinic, dar sunt recomandate pt limitarea raspandirii bolii.' Asta e ce am gasit acum. O sa mai caut si zilele urmatoare mai in profunzime. Last edited by Omul care rade; 13.07.2016 at 23:59:43. |
#57
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Am mai cautat si am gasit urmatoarele:
Acesta este extras din Pertussis vaccines: WHO position paper, August 2015â - Recommendations 1. WHO position The main aim of pertussis vaccination is to reduce the risk of severe pertussis in infants and young children, due to the high morbidity and mortality caused by the disease in this age group. All children worldwide, including HIV-positive individuals, should be immunized against pertussis. Every country should seek to achieve early and timely vaccination initiated at 6 weeks and no later than 8 weeks of age, and maintain high coverage (>=90%) with at least 3 doses of assured quality pertussis vaccine at all levels (national and subnational). This will ensure high levels of protection in children in the <5 year age group. Any reduction in overall coverage can lead to an increase in cases of pertussis. 2. Choice of vaccines Protection against severe pertussis in infancy and early child-hood can be obtained after a primary series of vaccination with either wP or aP vaccine [1]. Although local and systemic reactogenicity are more commonly associated with wP-containing vaccines, both aP-containing and wP-containing vaccines have excellent safety records [2]. The reac-togenicity of wP vaccines is significantly reduced when given inearly short timeframe schedules. Available evidence indicates that licensed aP and wP vaccines have equivalent initial effectiveness in preventing disease in the first year of life, but that there is more rapid waning of immunity,and possibly a reduced impact on transmission, with aP relative to wP vaccines. When considering a switch from wP to aP vaccines for the primary series, the overall goal of the national immunization programme needs to be considered. Disease-related mortality in the first year of life can be significantly reduced using a primary series of either wP or aP vaccination, whereas reactivation of the protection of older children or adults against symptomatic pertussis require speriodic boosting with the less reactogenic aP vaccines.National programmes currently administering wP vaccination should continue to use wP vaccines for primary vaccination series [3]. References [1] Grading of scientific evidenceâTable 1: efficacy/effectiveness of pertus-sis vaccines in immunocompetent infants and children. Available at:http://www.who.int/immunization/posi.../pertussisgrad efficacy[accessed October 23, 2015]. [2] Grading of scientific evidenceâTable 2: safety of pertussis vaccines inimmunocompetent infants and children. Available at: http://www.who.int/immunization/posi...ssisgradsafety [accessed October 23,2015]. [3] Grading of scientific evidenceâTable 3: evidence to recommendationstable: what is the effect of wP vaccine on clinically important outcomesand harms, compared to aP vaccine? Available at: http://www.who.int/immunization/position papers/pertussis grad evidence recommendations[accessed October 23, 2015]. P.S.: daca la linkurile de mai sus nu va duc la pagina corespunzatoare, incercati cu google (de ex, la [2] scrieti pe google ultima parte: 'pertussis grad safety who'). Last edited by Omul care rade; 14.07.2016 at 14:50:35. |
#58
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Acesta este extras dintr-un articol pe care l-am gasit prin sciencedirect.com:
Whooping Cough in 2014 and Beyond: An Update and Review Original Research Article Chest, Volume 146, Issue 1, July 2014, Pages 205-214 Joshua D. Hartzell, Jason M. Blaylock Vaccination Vaccination for pertussis was introduced in the 1950s and dramatically reduced the incidence of disease, but success was moderated by side effects. Whole-cell pertussis vaccines (ie, diphtheria-tetanus toxoids, wholecell pertussis [DTwP]) were associated with fever (including febrile seizures), local reactions, and hypotonic episodes. These concerns resulted in their replacement with acellular vaccines (ie, diphtheriatetanus toxoids, acellular pertussis [DTaP]; Tdap; and so forth) in the 1990s. Although acellular vaccines have an improved safety profile, their effectiveness has been called into question. A Cochrane Review demonstrated that the effectiveness of acellular vaccines in preventing typical whooping cough ranges from 59% to 85%. Furthermore, studies demonstrated that having a whole-cell vaccine as any part of the vaccination series improved immunity. A case-control study of children done by Kaiser Permanente Northern California reported that following the fifth dose of DTaP, children were 46% more likely to develop pertussis in each subsequent year. Studies in Minnesota children and from California counties reported similar results of waning immunity with DTaP. These recent reports highlight a clear concern of waning immunity with use of the current acellular vaccines. There are multiple possible reasons for the decreased efficacy of acellular vaccines, and a full discussion is beyond the scope of this paper. A recent review by Cherry highlights several of these potential explanations. Others have discussed the importance of antigenic divergence and how it may be affecting memory recall and antibody efficacy. It is clear from the available data that there is a need for newer more immunogenic pertussis vaccines. A recent review suggested that including new virulence factors might be the most appropriate approach. Unfortunately, the development and approval of new vaccine products will take time. In the meantime, the use of the vaccines that we do have could be improved. Vaccination timing is an important component of eliciting immunity. A study of pregnant women reported that passive protection of infants requires vaccination during the third trimester, and it is short-lived. As a result, the current Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendation for pregnant women is that vaccination occur between 27 and 36 weeksâ gestation during each pregnancy to maximize the maternal antibody response and passive antibody transfer to the infant. Future studies should examine the timing of other patient populations (including infants) to determine if different schedules or more frequent boosters may improve outcomes. Ensuring adequate vaccination coverage remains a challenge. Several studies have demonstrated that there are gaps in coverage (Tdap coverage ranged from 5.9% to 45.5%) and adherence to recommendations, including patients with free access to care and those with adequate insurance coverage. There are multiple barriers to vaccination, including cost, inadequate coordination of adult vaccination activities, lack of provider recommendation for vaccination, health literacy, and concern about adverse events. The problem is amplified worldwide, where an estimated 22.6 million children are not completing the appropriate pertussis vaccination series (three doses in first year of life). Unfortunately, this leaves the most vulnerable patients at risk. Asta ca sa vezi ca oamenilor de stiinta le place stiinta, si nu sa faca lucrurile sa arate frumos :). |
#59
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Dacă luăm cazul copilului meu care are 6-8 săptămîni și care primește o injecție la care nu se știe exact cum va reacționa, atunci se cheamă că sperăm să treacă experimentul cu bine. Mai sperăm să capete imunitate pe următorii 10-20 de ani. Dar nu știm ce se va întîmpla cu el. Nu știm nici dacă lotul de vaccinuri e defect, nici dacă bebelul va ajunge un copil cu autism, astm sau dacă va muri. Nici dacă va contacta taman aceeași boală din cauza injecției (vezi cazurile de poliomielită indusă artificial). Dar dacă va fi așa, atunci s-o pățească altcineva dintre copii, nu al meu. Pentru că nu-i face nimeni copilului teste să vadă dacă are poate alergie la substanțele din fiolă. Sau poate are vreo boală congenitală care nu permite vaccinarea. Nu. Se vaccinează pe bandă rulantă și atunci cînd părinții devastați de oroarea care tocmai i s-a întîmplat pruncului ajung la medic, i se răspunde că nu i-a obligat nimeni să-l vaccineze. Și alte chestii.
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Să nu abați inima mea spre cuvinte de vicleșug, ca să-mi dezvinovățesc păcatele mele; Psalmul 140, 4 Ascultați Noul Testament ortodox online. |
#60
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Conform DEX stiinta este un ansamblu sistematic de cunoștințe despre natură, societate și gândire; ansamblu de cunoștințe dintr-un anumit domeniu al cunoașterii.
In acest fel e folosit si in medicina. Atata stim, atata aplicam. Cand o sa stim mai multe, lucrurile vor fi altfel. Momentan atata stim. Citat:
'Nu stim daca lotul de vaccinuri e defect' - fiecare fabrica de medicamente are un sistem de calitate f bine pus la punct. Sansa sa apara asa ceva pe piata e practic nula in ziua de azi (bineinteles, daca nu cumva e cineva care face intentionat acest lucru, adica frauda. Dar asta e alta poveste) 'nici daca bebelul va ajunge un copil cu autism'- afirmatie nefondata; in literatura de specialitate nu exista articole care sa sustina cu argumente valide acest lucru. 'astm sau daca va muri'- e nevoie de ceva care sa sustina acest lucru. E posibil sa se fi intamplat, nu stiu, nu am cercetat. In general, orice medicament conduce la deces intr-o proportie infima, insa, de cele mai multe ori, nu e doar vina medicamentului. Ok. Hai sa punem problema altfel. Sa presupunem ca te musca un caine turbat. Ce faci? Te duci sa te vaccinezi? Nu exista tratament pt asta si duce la moarte (sunt f rare cazurile cand oamenii scapa si raman cu sechele f grave pt restul vietii). Dar daca il musca pe copilul tau? |
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